By Laura Watson What is a COP?
A Conference of Parties- it is the highest or decision-making authority of the Convention. Since 1995, there have been 25 COPs to discuss the Convention, based on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) What is the UNFCCC? The UNFCCC is an international treaty standing for United Nations Framework on Convention on Climate Change. The treaty has the ultimate objective to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations "at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic (human induced) interference with the climate system." It was ratified in 1994 following the Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, with 196 countries signing it, symbolising near universal aknowledgement of climate change being an issue. The Treaty ratified in 1994 does not include measures for enforcement. What happens at a COP? During these conferences, the implementation of the Convention is reviewed and discussed, along with discussion of any new laws needed to aid further implementation steps. Who is involved?
How are the Parties organised? Parties are traditionally grouped regionally into the Asian, Eastern European, Latin American and Carribbean, African and Western European States. However, these regional groupings often don’t represent the significant interests of the Parties involved in the climate negotiations, thus other groupings also carry significance. These groups include:
Key COP outcomes COP 3) 1997-Kyoto Protocol
COP 15) 2009-Copenhagen Accord
COP 16) 2010 Cancun
COP 17) 2011-Durban Alliance
COP 21) 2015-Paris Agreement
Cop 25) 2019- Madrid
References https://unfccc.int/process/bodies/supreme-bodies/conference-of-the-parties-cop?page=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C0 https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1052251 https://unfccc.int/about-the-un-climate-change-conference-december-2019 https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/parties-non-party-stakeholders/parties/party-groupings https://www.carbonbrief.org/cop25-key-outcomes-agreed-at-the-un-climate-talks-in-madrid https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change https://issuu.com/caninternational/docs/1._introduction_to_the_unfccc https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_LR.pdf
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